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George Hirst (virologist)
George Keble Hirst, M.D. (March 2, 1909 – January 22, 1994〔(Death Record: George K. Hirst ) (accessed February 21, 2013)〕) was an American virologist and science administrator who was among the first to study the molecular biology and genetics of animal viruses, especially influenza virus. He directed the Public Health Research Institute in New York City (1956–1981), and was also the founding editor-in-chief of ''Virology'', the first English-language journal to focus on viruses. He is particularly known for inventing the hemagglutination assay, a simple method for quantifying viruses, and adapting it into the hemagglutination inhibition assay, which measures virus-specific antibodies in serum. He was the first to discover that viruses can contain enzymes, and the first to propose that virus genomes can consist of discontinuous segments. ''The New York Times'' described him as "a pioneer in molecular virology."〔
==Education and career==
Hirst was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA, but his family soon moved to Lewistown, Montana. He studied at Hobart College in Geneva, New York, and later at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, from which he gained his first degree and medical degree (1933).〔 He worked at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City in 1936–1940, under the supervision of Homer Swift and Rebecca Lancefield, and then moved to the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division laboratories in 1940.〔〔 There he combined research in collaboration with Frank Horsfall, Edwin D. Kilbourne and others with his army service, as a member of the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board's Commission on Influenza.〔〔(US Army Medical Department: Office of Medical History: Commission on Influenza ) (accessed February 21, 2013)〕
After the Second World War, Hirst joined the Public Health Research Institute in New York City, which had been established in 1942, where he remained until his retirement in 1983. He became head of the Infectious Diseases and Virology Divisions, and in 1956 succeeded L. Whittington Gorham as director of the institute, a position he held for nearly 25 years until 1981. During his tenure, he superintended its expansion and move to a new location on 26th Street and First Avenue.〔(George Keble Hirst, 84, is dead; a pioneer in molecular virology. ''New York Times'' (26 January 1994) ) (accessed February 18, 2013)〕〔〔(Public Health Research Institute: PHRI's History ) (accessed February 18, 2013)〕 He also held a teaching position at the New York University School of Medicine.〔(American Academy of Arts and Sciences: Academy Members: 1780–present: H ) (accessed January 18, 2013)〕
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